Slim pop-out cameras and lenses for such cameras

ABSTRACT

Digital cameras comprising a lens assembly comprising N lens elements L 1 -L N  starting with L 1  on an object side, wherein N is ≥4, an image sensor having a sensor diagonal S D , and a pop-out mechanism that controls a largest air-gap d between two consecutive lens elements within lens elements L 1  and L N  to bring the camera to an operative pop-out state and a collapsed state, wherein the lens assembly has a total track length TTL in the operative pop-out state and a collapsed total track length cTTL in the collapsed state, wherein S D  is in the range of 7-20 mm and wherein cTTL/S D &lt;0.6.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/460,231filed Aug. 29, 2021, which was a continuation in part (CIP) of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 17/291,475 filed May 5, 2021, which was a371 from international application PCT/IB2020/058697 filed Sep. 18,2020, and is related to and claims priority from U.S. Provisional PatentApplications No. 62/904,913 filed Sep. 24, 2019, 63/026,317 filed May18, 2020 and 63/037,836 filed Jun. 11, 2020, all of which areincorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates in general to digital cameras, and moreparticularly, to digital cameras with pop-out mechanisms and lenses.

BACKGROUND

Compact multi-aperture digital cameras (also referred to as “multi-lenscameras” or “multi-cameras”) and in particular dual-aperture (or“dual-camera”) and triple-aperture (or “triple-camera”) digital camerasare known. Miniaturization technologies allow incorporation of suchcameras in compact portable electronic devices such as tablets andmobile phones (the latter referred to hereinafter generically as“smartphones”), where they provide advanced imaging capabilities such aszoom, see e.g. co-owned PCT patent application No. PCT/IB2063/060356,which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. A typicaltriple-camera system (exemplarily including an ultra-wide-angle (or“Ultra-Wide” or “UW”) camera, wide-angle (or “Wide”) camera and atelephoto (or “Tele”) camera.

A challenge with dual-aperture zoom cameras relates to camera height andsize of image sensor (“Sensor Diagonal” or S_(D)). There is a largedifference in the height (and also of the total track length or “TTL”)of the Tele and Wide cameras. FIG. 1A illustrates schematically thedefinition of various entities such as TTL, effective focal length (EFL)and back focal length (BFL). The TTL is defined as the maximal distancebetween the object-side surface of a first lens element and a cameraimage sensor plane. The BFL is defined as the minimal distance betweenthe image-side surface of a last lens element and a camera image sensorplane. In the following, “W” and “T” subscripts refer respectively toWide and Tele cameras. The EFL has a meaning well known in the art. Inmost miniature lenses, the TTL is larger than the EFL, as in FIG. 1A.

FIG. 1B shows an exemplary camera system having a lens with a field ofview (FOV), an EFL and an image sensor with a sensor width S. For fixedwidth/height ratios of a (normally rectangular) image sensor, the sensordiagonal is proportional to the sensor width and height. The horizontalFOV relates to EFL and sensor width as follows:

${\tan\left( \frac{FOV}{2} \right)} = {{s/2}/_{EFL}}$

This shows that for realizing a camera with a larger image sensor width(i.e. larger sensor diagonal) but same FOV, a larger EFL is required.

In mobile devices, typical Wide cameras have 35 mm equivalent focallengths (“35eqFL”). ranging from 22 mm to 28 mm. Image sensors embeddedin mobile cameras are smaller than full frame sensors and actual focallengths in Wide cameras range from 3.2 mm to 7 mm, depending on thesensor size and FOV. In most lenses designed for such cameras, theTTL/EFL ratio is larger than 1.0 and is typically between 1.0 and 1.3.Another characteristic of these lenses is that their TTL-to-sensordiagonal ratio TTL/S_(D) is typically in the range of 0.6 to 0.7.Embedding larger sensors in Wide cameras is desirable, but requirelarger EFL for maintaining the same FOV, resulting in larger TTL, whichis undesirable.

Many mobile devices include now both Tele and Wide cameras. The Telecamera enables optical zoom and other computational photography featuressuch as digital Bokeh. Depending on the Wide camera characteristics andpermissible module height, the 35eqFL of mobile device Tele camerasranges from 45 mm to 100 mm. The TTL of lenses designed for Tele camerasis smaller than the EFL of such lenses, typically satisfying0.7<TTL/EFL<1.0. Typical Tele EFL values range from 6 mm to 10 mm(without applying 35 mm equivalence conversion) in vertical (non-folded)Tele cameras and from 10 mm to 30 mm in folded Tele cameras. Larger EFLis desirable for enhancing the optical zoom effect but it results inlarger TTL, which is undesirable.

In a continuous attempt to improve the obtained image quality, there isa need to incorporate larger image sensors into the Wide and Telecameras. Larger sensors allow for improved low-light performance andlarger number of pixels, hence improving the spatial resolution as well.Other image quality characteristics, such as noise characteristics,dynamic range and color fidelity may also improve as the sensor sizeincreases.

As the Wide camera sensor becomes larger, the required EFL is larger(for the same 35 mm equivalent focal length), the lens TTL increases andthe camera module height becomes larger, resulting in a limit on thepermissible sensor size when considering the allowed mobile devicethickness or other industrial design constraints. In Wide cameras ofmost mobile devices, the sensor pixel array size full diagonal rangesfrom about 4.5 mm (typically referred to as ¼″ sensor) to 16 mm(typically referred to 1″ sensor).

It would be beneficial to have Wide and/or Tele lens designs thatsupport large EFLs for large sensor diagonals (optical zoom) while stillhaving small TTL for slim design. The latter is presented for example inco-owned U.S. provisional patent application No. 62/904,913.

SUMMARY

In various examples, there are provided digital cameras comprising: anoptics module comprising a lens assembly that includes N lens elementsL₁-L_(N) starting with L₁ on an object side, wherein N≥4; an imagesensor having a sensor diagonal S_(D) in the range of 5-20 mm; and apop-out mechanism configured to control at least one air-gap betweenlens elements or between a lens element and the image sensor to bringthe camera to an operative pop-out state and to a collapsed state,wherein the lens assembly has a total track length TTL in the operativepop-out state and a collapsed total track length cTTL in the collapsedstate, and wherein cTTL/S_(D)<0.6.

For simplicity, in the description below, “lens” may be used instead of“lens assembly”.

Henceforth and for simplicity, the use of the term “pop-out” beforevarious components may be skipped, with the understanding that ifdefined the first time as being a “pop-out” component, that component issuch throughout this description.

In various examples of cameras above and below, the window pop-upmechanism includes a window frame engageable with the optics module,wherein the window frame does not touch the optics module in the pop-outstate and wherein the window frame is operable to press on the opticsmodule to bring the camera to the collapsed state. The window frameincludes a window that is not in direct contact with the lens.

In some examples, the largest air-gap d is between L_(N-1) and L_(N).

In some examples, the largest air-gap d is between L_(N-2) and L_(N-1)or between L_(N-1) and L_(N), and the lens assembly has a 35 mmequivalent focal length 35eqFL between 40 mm and 150 mm. In such anexample, d may be larger than TTL/5.

In some examples, cTTL/S_(D)<0.55.

In some examples, S_(D) is in the range of 10 mm to 15 mm.

In some examples, a camera as above or below is included in amulti-camera together with a second camera having a second total tracklength TTL₂ in the range of 0.9×TTL to 1.1×TTL.

In some examples, the lens assembly has a 35 mm equivalent focal length35eqFL larger than 24 mm.

In some examples, the lens assembly has an effective focal length EFLand ratio TTL/EFL is smaller than 1.4 and larger than 1.0.

In various examples, there are provided digital cameras comprising: anoptics module comprising a lens assembly that includes N lens elementsL₁-L_(N) starting with L₁ on an object side, wherein N≥4 and wherein thelens assembly has a back focal length BFL that is larger than anyair-gap between lens elements and has an effective focal length EFL inthe range of 7 mm to 18 mm; a pop-out mechanism configured to actuatethe lens assembly to an operative pop-out state and to a collapsedstate, wherein the lens assembly has a total track length TTL in theoperative pop-out state and a collapsed total track length cTTL in thecollapsed state, and wherein the pop-out mechanism is configured tocontrol the BFL such that cTTL/EFL<0.55; and an image sensor havingsensor diagonal S_(D).

In some examples, a pop-out mechanism includes a window pop-outmechanism based on a pin-groove assembly, and one or more of the pinsslide in vertically oriented grooves and one or more pins slide inangled grooves that have an angle of 20-80 degrees, 30-70 degrees or40-60 degrees with respect to the vertical.

In some examples, a pop-out mechanism includes a barrel pop-outmechanism that comprises springs and a guiding and positioning mechanismthat enables sufficient z-decenter and xy-decenter accuracy between lenselements in the operative pop-out state and enables repeatability inswitching between operative and collapsed states, wherein the sufficientdecenter accuracy is less than 0.1 mm decenter and wherein therepeatability is less than 0.05 mm decenter. In other examples, thesufficient decenter accuracy is less than 0.8 mm decenter and therepeatability is less than 0.04 mm decenter. In yet other examples, thesufficient decenter accuracy is less than 0.6 mm decenter and therepeatability is less than 0.03 mm decenter. The guiding and positioningmechanism may be based on a pin and groove assembly, on a stopper or ona kinematic coupling mechanism. In some examples, a guiding mechanismmay be based on a pin-groove assembly and a positioning mechanism basedon a magnetic force.

In some examples, S_(D) is in the range of 4.5 mm to 10 mm and the lensassembly has a 35eqFL larger than 45 mm and smaller than 180 mm.

In some examples, S_(D) is in the range of 10 mm to 20 mm and the lensassembly has a 35eqFL larger than 40 mm and smaller than 180 mm.

In some examples, ratio TTL/EFL is smaller than 1.0 and larger than 0.7.

In some examples, BFL is larger than TTL/3 and smaller than TTL/1.5.

In some examples of cameras as above or below, the lens has a lenselement with a largest lens diameter d_(L), wherein a penalty between alargest diameter d_(module) of the optics module and the largest lensdiameter d_(L) is smaller than 4 mm, than 2 mm or even than 1 mm.

In various examples, there are provided multi-cameras comprising: afirst camera that includes a first lens assembly with a first field ofview FOV₁ and N lens elements L₁-L_(N) starting with L₁ on an objectside wherein N≥4, a first image sensor having a sensor diagonal S_(D1),and a pop-out mechanism that controls a largest air-gap d between twoconsecutive lens elements to bring the first camera to an operativepop-out state and a collapsed state, wherein the first lens assembly hasa first 35 mm equivalent focal length 35eqFL₁, a total track length TTL₁in the operative state and a collapsed total track length cTTL₁ in thecollapsed state, wherein S_(D1) is in the range 7-20 mm and whereincTTL₁/S_(D1)<0.6; and a second camera having a second camera effectivefocal length EFL₂ of 7-18 mm and including a second lens assembly with asecond field of view FOV₂ smaller than FOV₁, the second lens assemblycomprising M lens elements L₁-L_(M) starting with L₁ on an object sidewherein M≥4, and a pop-out mechanism configured to actuate the secondcamera to an operative state and a collapsed state, wherein the secondlens assembly has a second 35 mm equivalent focal length 35eqFL₂, atotal track length TTL₂ in the operative state and a collapsed totaltrack length cTTL₂ in the collapsed state, and wherein cTTL/EFL<0.55.

In some examples, cTTL₁=cTTL₂±10%.

In some examples, 35eqFL₂≥1.5×35eqFL₁.

In some examples, 35eqFL₁ is larger than 24 mm.

In some examples, 35eqFL₂ is larger than 45 mm.

In various examples, there are provided multi-cameras comprising: a Widecamera comprising a lens barrel carrying a Wide lens assembly comprisingN≥4 lens elements L₁-L_(N) starting with L₁ on an object side, an imagesensor having a Wide sensor diagonal S_(DW), and a first pop-outmechanism that controls an air-gap d_(N-1) between lens elements L_(N)and L_(N-1) to bring the camera to an operative state and a collapsedstate, wherein the Wide lens assembly has a field of view FOV_(W), atotal track length TTL_(W) in the operative state and a collapsed totaltrack length cTTL_(W) in the collapsed state, wherein if S_(DW) is inthe range 10-16 mm then cTTL_(W)/S_(DW)<0.6; and a Tele cameracomprising a lens barrel carrying a Tele lens assembly comprising N is≥4 lens elements L₁-L_(N) starting with L₁ on an object side, a Teleimage sensor having a sensor diagonal S_(DT) and a second pop-outmechanism that controls an air-gap between lens element L_(N) and theTele image sensor to bring the camera to an operative state and acollapsed state, wherein the Tele lens assembly has a field of viewFOV_(T) smaller than FOV_(W), a TTL_(T) in the operative state and acTTL_(T) in the collapsed state, wherein if S_(DT) is in the range4.5-10 mm then cTTL_(T)<EFL_(T)<0.55, and wherein cTTL_(W)=cTTL_(T)±10%.

In some examples, the multi-camera is embedded in a device having adevice exterior surface, and in an operative state the camera extendsbeyond the device exterior surface by 2 mm-7 mm and in a non-operativestate the cameras extends beyond the device exterior surface by lessthan 2 mm.

In some examples, 7 mm<TTL_(W)<13 mm, 1.0<TTL_(W)/EFL_(W)<1.3 andd_(N-1) is greater than TTL/4.

In some examples, there is provided a camera comprising: a lens assemblycomprising N lens elements L₁-L_(N) starting with L₁ on an object sidewherein N≥4; a curved image sensor having a sensor diagonal S_(D) in therange of 7-20 mm; and a pop-out mechanism that controls an air-gap dbetween L_(N) and the image sensor to bring the camera to an operativepop-out state and a collapsed state, wherein the lens assembly has atotal track length TTL in the operative pop-out state and a collapsedtotal track length cTTL in the collapsed state, wherein cTTL/S_(D)<0.6and wherein the lens assembly has a 35 mm equivalent focal length 35eqFLthat is smaller than 18 mm.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Non-limiting examples of embodiments disclosed herein are describedbelow with reference to figures attached hereto that are listedfollowing this paragraph. Identical structures, elements or parts thatappear in more than one figure are generally labeled with a same numeralin all the figures in which they appear. If identical elements are shownbut numbered in only one figure, it is assumed that they have the samenumber in all figures in which they appear. The drawings anddescriptions are meant to illuminate and clarify embodiments disclosedherein and should not be considered limiting in any way. In thedrawings:

FIG. 1A illustrates schematically the definition of various entitiessuch as TTL and EFL;

FIG. 1B shows definitions of FOV, EFL and S for a thin lensapproximation or equivalence;

FIG. 2A shows a cross sectional view of a pop-out camera disclosedherein in an in a pop-out state and incorporated in a host device;

FIG. 2B shows a cross sectional view of a pop-out frame of the camera ofFIG. 2A;

FIG. 2C shows a cross sectional view of the camera of FIG. 2A in acollapsed state;

FIG. 2D shows a cross sectional view of the frame shown in FIG. 2B in acollapsed state;

FIG. 3A shows a perspective view of the camera of FIG. 2A in the pop-outstate;

FIG. 3B shows a perspective view of the camera of FIG. 2A in thecollapsed state;

FIG. 4A shows in cross section a lens module in the camera of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 4B shows the same as FIG. 4A in a perspective view;

FIG. 4C shows an example of an optical lens system that may be used in apop-out camera disclosed herein;

FIG. 5A shows in cross section a lens module in the camera of FIG. 2A inthe collapsed state;

FIG. 5B shows the same as FIG. 5A in a perspective view;

FIG. 6A shows in cross section another example of a lens module in apop-out state;

FIG. 6B shows in cross section the pop-out lens module of FIG. 6A in acollapsed state;

FIGS. 6C and 6D shows other examples of an optical lens system that maybe used in a pop-out camera disclosed herein;

FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of the lens module of FIG. 6A;

FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of the lens module of FIG. 6B;

FIG. 9A shows a perspective view of an actuator of the pop-out mechanismin a pop-out state;

FIG. 9B shows a perspective view of the actuator of FIG. 9A in acollapsed state;

FIG. 10 shows yet another example of an optical lens system that may beused in a pop-out camera disclosed herein;

FIG. 11A shows an example of a smartphone with a dual-camera thatincludes a regular folded Tele camera and an upright pop-out Widecamera;

FIG. 11B shows details of the cameras of FIG. 11A with the Wide pop-outcamera being in a pop out state;

FIG. 11C shows the smartphone of FIG. 11A with the Wide pop-out camerain a collapsed state;

FIG. 11D shows details of the cameras of FIG. 11A, with the Wide pop-outcamera being in a collapsed state;

FIG. 12A shows another example of a smartphone with a dual-cameracomprising an upright Tele camera and an upright Wide camera, with bothcameras in a pop-out state;

FIG. 12B shows details of the cameras of the smartphone in FIG. 12A in apop-out state;

FIG. 12C shows the smartphone of FIG. 12A with both cameras in acollapsed state;

FIG. 12D shows details of the cameras of the smartphone in FIG. 12A in acollapsed state;

FIG. 13 shows yet another example of an optical lens system can beincluded in a pop-out camera disclosed herein;

FIG. 14A shows in cross sectional view another example of a pop-outcamera disclosed herein in a pop-out state and incorporated in a hostdevice;

FIG. 14B shows a perspective view of a frame in the pop-out camera ofFIG. 14A;

FIG. 14C shows in cross section the camera of FIG. 14A in a collapsedstate;

FIG. 14D shows a perspective view of the frame of FIG. 14B in acollapsed state;

FIG. 15A shows in cross-section a pop-out mechanism in the camera ofFIG. 14A;

FIG. 15B shows the mechanism of FIG. 15A in a collapsed state;

FIG. 16A shows a cross sectional view of another example of a pop-outoptics module in a pop-out state;

FIG. 16B shows a perspective view of the pop-out optics module of FIG.16A;

FIG. 17A shows in perspective view the pop-out optics module of FIG. 16Ain a pop-out state;

FIG. 17B shows in perspective view the pop-out optics module of FIG. 16Ain a collapsed state;

FIG. 18A shows a perspective view of an optics frame in the opticsmodule of FIG. 16A a pop-out state;

FIG. 18B shows a perspective view of the optics frame of FIG. 18A in acollapsed state;

FIG. 18C shows a section of the optics frame of FIG. 18A in more detail;

FIG. 18D shows a section of optics frame of FIG. 18B in more detail;

FIG. 18E shows the optics frame of FIG. 18A in a top view;

FIG. 18F shows the optics frame of FIG. 18A in an exploded view;

FIG. 19A shows a perspective view of yet another example of an opticsmodule in a pop-out state;

FIG. 19B shows the optics module of FIG. 19A in a top view;

FIG. 19C shows the optics module of FIG. 19A in a pop-out state in across-sectional view;

FIG. 19D shows the optics module of FIG. 19A in a collapsed state in across-sectional view;

FIG. 19E shows a top cover and a magnet of the optics module of FIG. 19Ain a perspective view;

FIG. 19F shows the top cover and magnet of the optics module of FIG. 19Ein a top view;

FIG. 20A shows a magnet part of window position measurement mechanism ina side view;

FIG. 20B shows the window position measurement mechanism of FIG. 20A ina perspective view;

FIG. 20C shows a side view of 3 magnets and a Hall sensor of the windowposition measurement mechanism of FIG. 20A in a collapsed state;

FIG. 20D shows a side view of the 3 magnets and the Hall sensor of thewindow position measurement mechanism of FIG. 20A in a pop-out state;

FIG. 20E shows an example of a design and magnetic field of the windowposition measurement mechanism of FIG. 20A;

FIG. 20F shows an example of a magnet configuration that may be includedin the position measurement mechanism;

FIG. 20G shows another example of another magnet configuration that maybe included in a position measurement mechanism.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 2A shows in cross sectional view (through cross section marked2A-2A in FIG. 3A) an example numbered 200 of a pop-out camera disclosedherein incorporated in a “host” device 250 (e.g. a smartphone, tablet,etc.). In FIG. 2A, camera 200 is shown in an operative or “pop-out”state (and thus referred to as a “camera in pop-out state”). Camera 200has also a collapsed (“c” or “non-operative”) state, shown in FIG. 2C.In this state, the camera is not operative as a camera in pop-out state.FIG. 3A shows camera 200 in the pop-out state and FIG. 3B shows camera200 in the collapsed state, both in perspective views.

Camera 200 comprises a general pop-out mechanism 210 and a pop-outoptics module 240. Optics module 240 comprises a lens barrel holder 202carrying a pop-out lens barrel 204 with a pop-out lens assembly 206, andin some cases (“examples”) an image sensor 208. In some examples, theimage sensor may be separate from the optics module. Lens barrel 204 andwindow 216 are separated by an air-gap 222 of, for example, 0.15-3 mm.Air-gap 222 allows for a movement of the lens barrel by 0.1-3 mm forperforming auto-focus (AF) and optical image stabilization (OIS) bymoving the lens as known in the art. Optics module 240 is covered by acover 232. In some examples, the pop-out lens barrel (e.g. a lens barrel602) may be divided into two or more sections, e.g. in a fixed lensbarrel section and a collapsible barrel section.

General pop-out mechanism 210 comprises a “window” pop-out mechanism(external to the optics module) and a “barrel” pop-out mechanism withsome parts external to and some parts internal to the optics module. Thewindow pop-out mechanism raises and lowers the window. The barrelpop-out mechanism enables the pop-out and collapsed lens barrel states.

The window pop-out mechanism includes parts shown in detail for examplein FIG. 9A-B, FIG. 14B, FIG. 14D, FIGS. 15A-B, FIGS. 20A-F.Specifically, the window pop-out mechanism comprises an actuator like212 or 212′, a pop-out frame 220 (see e.g. FIG. 2B) that includes awindow frame 214 carrying a window 216 that covers an aperture 218 ofthe camera, and an external module seal 224. External module seal 224prevents particles and fluids from entering the camera and host device250. In some embodiments (e.g. in a frame 220′ described with referenceto FIGS. 14A-D), a pop-out frame may include additional parts such as acam follower (e.g. 1402 in FIG. 14A), a side limiter (e.g. 1406 in FIG.14A) and a window position measurement mechanism (e.g. 1420 in FIG.14B).

The barrel pop-out mechanism includes parts shown in detail for examplein FIGS. 4A, 5A, 6A-B, 14A, 14C, 16A, 17A-B, 18A-F and 19A-F.Specifically, the barrel pop-out mechanism may include one or moresprings 230, pop-out lens barrel 204 with pop-out lens assembly 206, oneor more springs 230 and a guiding and positioning mechanism (see e.g.FIGS. 19A-19B and description below). The one or more springs pushoptics module 240 towards frame 220, i.e. when frame 220 moves upwardsfor switching from a collapsed state to a pop-out state, no furtheractuation mechanism within the optics module is required.

The guiding and positioning mechanism positions the lens groups andoptical components in fixed distance and orientation. In an example, theguiding and positioning mechanism comprises a pin 242 and a groove 244(see FIG. 2C, FIG. 4A and FIG. 5A). In some examples, the guiding andpositioning mechanism may include a stopper 618 (see FIG. 6A-B), akinematic coupling mechanism (see FIG. 18A-D) or a magnet-yoke assembly(see FIGS. 19A-F). In some examples, the guiding and positioningmechanism works by means of an interplay between an optics module andanother component of a camera such as camera 200 (see e.g. FIG. 6A-B andFIG. 19A-F). Pin 242 and groove 244 provide a first example of apin-groove assembly. Groove 244 may comprise a v-shaped groove oranother groove, with groove 244 having legs at an angle of e.g. 30-150degrees. Other pin-groove assemblies are described below. In someexamples, the guiding and positioning mechanism is included in an opticsmodule in its entirety (see e.g. FIG. 4A and FIG. 5A and FIG. 18A-D).

The pin-groove assembly with pin 242 and groove 244 provides mechanicalstability and repeatability in the X-Z plane and in the Y plane of thecoordinate system shown. Stopper 618 provides mechanical stability andrepeatability in Y plane. In some examples, other pins such as pins 1206(see FIG. 12B and FIG. 12D) may be used for providing mechanicalstability and repeatability in the X-Z plane.

The lens, the image sensor and (optionally) an optical window or“filter” (e.g. IR filter) 234 form a pop-out optical lens system 260(see e.g. FIG. 4C). The image sensor may have a sensor diagonal S_(D) inthe range 3.5-30 mm. For a lens having an EFL of 5 mm to 25 mm, thistypically represents a 35eqFL in the range 10-300 mm. Sensor diagonalS_(D) connects to a sensor width W and a height H via S_(D)=√(W²+H²). Inother examples EFL may be 8 mm to 28 mm.

To switch between pop-out and collapsed states, pop-out mechanism 210causes the following movements in frame 220 (where all movements aredefined relative to the host device and the coordinate systems shown): ahorizontal (i.e. in the X-Z plane) movement of the cam follower and avertical (i.e. in the Y direction) movement of the window frame. Themovement in frame 220 causes a vertical (Y direction) movement of thelens barrel (for a single group or “1G” lens) or of a collapsiblesection of the lens barrel (in a two group or “2G” lens) in opticsmodule 240. The image sensor and the side limiter do not move.Importantly, the barrel pop-out mechanism does not include an actuator.

In the pop-out state shown in FIG. 2B, camera 200 forms a significantpop-out bump 226 with respect to an exterior surface 228 of host device250. Here, “significant” may be for example 1.5 mm-8 mm. In the pop-outstate, camera 200 increases the height of host device 250 to a “heightin a pop-out state”.

The pop-out lens may be a Tele lens, for example as in FIG. 4C or FIG.10 or FIG. 6D, or a Wide lens as in FIG. 6C or FIG. 13. Depending on thetype of lens, a pop-out camera operates as a pop-out Tele camera or as apop-out Wide camera. A pop-out Tele camera may have a FOV_(T) of 20-50deg. A pop-out Wide camera may have a FOV_(W) of 50-120 deg. The TTL ofthe lens, measured from the first surface of the first lens element inthe lens to the image sensor may be for example 6 mm-18 mm.

FIG. 2D shows a cross sectional view of frame 220 in the collapsedstate. Actuator 212 brings the camera to a collapsed state by performingwork against the spring. In the collapsed state, the spring is in acompressed state, see also FIG. 4B. To switch camera 200 to thecollapsed state, actuator 212 moves window frame 214 to apply pressureon lens barrel 204. This translates into a movement of lens barrel 204towards the image sensor. In the collapsed state, the TTL is a collapsedTTL (cTTL) and may be for example 5-12 mm. cTTL is always measuredbetween a first surface of lens element L1 on the image side (marked S2)and an imaging surface of the image sensor along the optical axis markedS16. The difference between cTTL and TTL stems from a modified BFL withrespect to the pop-out state. Camera 200 is designed such that there isa large BFL in the operative state. This large BFL can be collapsed tobring the camera to a collapsed state, achieving a slim camera design.In the collapsed state, the camera forms a collapsed bump (c-bump) 236with respect to device exterior surface 228. The c-bump may have forexample a size (height) of 0-3 mm. In the collapsed state, the height ofhost device 250 is a “height in the collapsed state” that is muchsmaller than the height in the pop-out state but still larger than thehost device height by the c-bump 236.

Camera 200 may be designed to support, in some examples, accuracytolerances for decenter of e.g. ±20 μm in the X-Z plane and of e.g. ±10μm in the Y direction, as well as for a tilt of ±0.5°. The planes anddirections are as in the coordinate systems shown in the figures.Repeatability tolerances for decenter may be e.g. ±10 μm in the X-Zplane and of e.g. ±5 μm in the Y direction, as well as for a tilt of±0.25°. In other examples, accuracy tolerances for decenter may be e.g.±10 μm in the X-Z plane and of e.g. ±5 μm in the Y direction, as well ase.g. ±0.15°. Repeatability tolerances for decenter may be e.g. ±5 μm inthe X-Z plane and of e.g. ±2.5 μm in the Y direction, as well as for atilt of ±0.08°. In yet other examples, accuracy tolerances for decentermay be e.g. ±5 μm in the X-Z plane and of e.g. ±2.5 μm in the Ydirection, as well as e.g. ±0.1°. Repeatability tolerances for decentermay be e.g. ±1.5 μm in the X-Z plane and of e.g. ±0.8 μm in the Ydirection, as well as for a tilt of ±0.05°.

Similar accuracy tolerances and repeatability tolerances hold for opticsframe 1650 (see e.g. FIG. 16A) and optics module 600″ (see e.g. FIG.19A).

“Accuracy tolerances” refer here to a maximum variation of the distancesbetween optical elements and between mechanical elements. “Repeatabilitytolerances” refer here to a maximum variation of the distances betweenoptical elements and between mechanical elements in different pop-outcycles, i.e. the capability of the mechanical and optical elements toreturn to their prior positions after one or many pop-out (or collapse)events.

Tolerances in the Y direction may be less important, as variations in Ycan be compensated by optical feedback and moving the lens forauto-focus.

FIG. 4A shows in cross section optics module 240 in the pop-out state.FIG. 4B shows optics module 240 in the same state in perspective. Thediameter of the smallest circle that entirely surrounds the opticsmodule defines a “largest diameter” “d_(module)” of the optics module.That is “d_(module)” marks the largest diagonal of an optics module(here and in e.g. FIGS. 7, 17B, 18A, 18B, 18E and 19A) except whenstated otherwise (e.g. as re. FIG. 16A).

FIG. 4C shows details of a first exemplary lens system 400 that can beused in camera 200 in a pop-out state. Lens system 400 comprises a lens420 that includes, in order from an object side to an image side, afirst lens element L1 with object-side surface S2 and image-side surfaceS3; a second lens element L2 with object-side surface S4, with an imageside surface marked S5; a third lens element L3 with object-side surfaceS6 with image-side surface S7; a fourth lens element L4 object-sidesurface marked S8 and an image-side surface marked S9; a fifth lenselement L5 with object-side surface marked S10 and an image-side surfacemarked S11; and a sixth lens element L6 with object-side surface markedS12 and an image-side surface marked S13. S1 marks a stop. Lens system400 further comprises optical window 234 disposed between surface S13and image sensor 208. Distances between lens elements and other elementsare given in tables below along an optical axis of the lens and lenssystem.

In lens system 400, TTL=11.55 mm, BFL=5.96 mm, EFL=13 mm, F number=2.20and the FOV=29.7 deg. A ratio of TTL/EFL=0.89. The optical properties oflens 420 do not change when switching between a pop-out state and acollapsed state (i. e. gaps between lens elements are constant).

In the collapsed state (see FIG. 5A), cTTL may be 5.64-8.09 mm. Thedifference between cTTL and TTL stems from a modified BFL which is now acollapsed BFL, “c-BFL” (see FIG. 5A). c-BFL may be 0.051-2.5 mm. Alldistances between lens elements L1-L6 and lens surfaces S2-S13 remainunchanged.

Detailed optical data of lens system 400 is given in Table 1, and theaspheric surface data is given in Table 2 and Table 3, wherein the unitsof the radius of curvature (R), lens element thickness and/or distancesbetween elements along the optical axis and diameter are expressed inmm. “Index” is the refraction index. The equation of the asphericsurface profiles is expressed by:

$\begin{matrix}{{{z(r)} = {\frac{cr^{2}}{1 + \sqrt{1 - {\left( {1 + k} \right)c^{2}r^{2}}}} + {D_{con}(u)}}}{{D_{con}(u)} = {u^{4}{\sum_{n = 0}^{N}{A_{n}{Q_{n}^{con}\left( u^{2} \right)}}}}}{{u = \frac{r}{r_{norm}}},{x = u^{2}}}{{Q_{0}^{con}(x)} = 1}{Q_{1}^{con} = {- \left( {5 - {6x}} \right)}}{Q_{2}^{con} = {{15} - {14{x\left( {3 - {2x}} \right)}}}}{Q_{3}^{con} = {- \left\{ {{35} - {12{x\left\lbrack {{14} - {x\left( {{21} - {10x}} \right)}} \right\rbrack}}} \right\}}}{Q_{4}^{con} = {{70} - {3x\left\{ {{168} - {5{x\left\lbrack {{84} - {11{x\left( {8 - {3x}} \right)}}} \right\rbrack}}} \right\}}}}{Q_{5}^{con} = {- \left\lbrack {{126} - {x\left( {{1260} - {11x\left\{ {{420} - {x\left\lbrack {{720} - {13{x\left( {{45} - {14x}} \right)}}} \right\rbrack}} \right\}}} \right)}} \right\rbrack}}} & \left( {{Eq}.\mspace{14mu} 1} \right)\end{matrix}$

where {z, r} are the standard cylindrical polar coordinates, c=1/R isthe paraxial curvature of the surface, k is the conic parameter, andr_(norm) is generally one half of the surface's clear aperture. An arethe polynomial coefficients shown in lens data Table 2 and Table 3 (aswell as in Table 5 and Table 6, and in Table 10 and Table 11). TheZ-axis is defined to be positive towards the image. Also note that inTable 1 (as well as in Table 4 and Table 9), the distances betweenvarious elements (and/or surfaces) refer to the element thickness andare measured on the optical axis Z, wherein the stop is at z=0. Eachnumber is measured from the previous surface. Thus, the first distance−1.197 mm is measured from the stop to surface S2. The referencewavelength is 555.0 nm. Units are in mm (except for refraction index“Index” and Abbe #). The largest lens diameter & of a lens such as lens240 is given by the largest diameter present among all the lens elementsof a lens such as lens 240.

TABLE 1 Lens system 400 EFL = 13.00 mm, F number = 2.20, FOV = 29.7 deg.Aperture Surface Curvature Radius Abbe Focal # Comment Type RadiusThickness (D/2) Material Index # Length 1 A.S Plano Infinity −1.1972.940 2 Lens 1 QT1 3.453 0.927 2.940 Plastic 1.54 56.18 14.80 3 5.4630.008 2.895 4 Lens 2 QT1 4.054 1.545 2.811 Plastic 1.54 56.18 8.78 522.988 0.025 2.620 6 Lens 3 QT1 6.508 0.218 2.346 Plastic 1.67 19.4−9.67 7 3.215 1.134 2.003 8 Lens 4 QT1 −9.074 0.206 1.774 Plastic 1.6423.53 −17.62 9 −45.557 0.902 1.648 10 Lens 5 QT1 66.987 0.417 1.665Plastic 1.67 19.44 9.93 11 −7.435 0.009 1.788 12 Lens 6 QT1 −19.7130.197 1.845 Plastic 1.54 56.18 −10.85 13 8.487 5.450 1.984 14 FilterPlano Infinity 0.210 — Glass 1.52 64.2 15 Infinity 0.300 — 16 ImagePlano Infinity — —

TABLE 2 Aspheric Coefficients Surface # R_(norm) A0 A1 A2 A3 2 2.385−6.99E−02 −1.08E−02 −1.52E−03 −4.14E−04  3 2.385 −6.86E−02 −1.05E−02 2.44E−03 −3.81E−04  4 2.385  9.39E−03 −1.24E−02  2.84E−03 8.52E−04 52.385  1.26E−03 −2.19E−02  1.12E−03 8.76E−04 6 1.692 −5.76E−02  2.59E−02−4.13E−03 −2.03E−05  7 1.692 −2.94E−02  3.95E−02 −5.32E−03 −6.02E−04  81.648  3.50E−01  8.82E−03 −2.47E−03 6.30E−04 9 1.648  4.12E−01  2.61E−02 2.43E−03 2.06E−03 10 1.587 −2.16E−01 −3.53E−02 −8.04E−03 4.41E−04 111.587 −1.36E−01 −2.45E−02 −2.51E−03 1.25E−03 12 1.609 −2.58E−01 2.37E−02 −1.19E−03 2.12E−04 13 1.609 −2.99E−01  2.60E−02 −4.30E−03−2.04E−04 

TABLE 3 Surface # A4 A5 A6 2 −4.91E−05  6.04E−06 −7.27E−07  3  8.15E−05−5.60E−05 6.51E−06 4  1.04E−04 −1.60E−04 1.22E−05 5 −4.30E−04  9.99E−05−1.20E−05  6  6.30E−05 −4.83E−06 1.65E−07 7  2.23E−05  2.33E−05 2.32E−078 −2.32E−04 −1.73E−05 −4.47E−05  9 −4.98E−05 −1.12E−04 −7.34E−05  10 1.23E−04  1.53E−04 7.13E−05 11 −6.11E−04  1.56E−04 1.39E−05 12−5.99E−04  1.37E−04 7.47E−06 13  5.73E−05 −1.33E−05 1.30E−06

FIG. 5A shows a pop-out optics module 240 in a collapsed state in across sectional view. FIG. 5B shows a perspective view of the same.

FIG. 6A shows a cross sectional view (through cross section marked 6A-6Ain FIG. 7) of another example numbered 600 of a pop-out optics module ina pop-out state. Optics module 600 may be integrated into a pop-outmechanism such as 210 (not shown here). Optics module 600 includes alens barrel 602 with a collapsible lens barrel section (first barrelsection) 604 carrying a first lens group 606, and a fixed lens barrelsection (second barrel section) 608 carrying a second lens group 610.The two lens groups form a lens 620 that includes altogether N lenselements L1-LN, arranged with a first lens element L1 on an object sideand a last lens element LN on an image side. Optics module 600 iscovered by cover 232. Lens 620, and optional optical window 234 and animage sensor 208 form a lens system 630.

In general, N≥4. In other examples, the lens barrel may comprise morethan two barrel sections with more lens groups each, e.g. 3, 4, 5 lensbarrel sections with each barrel section carrying a lens group. The lensbarrel sections may be divided into fixed barrel sections and movablebarrel sections. Air-gaps may be formed between lens groups according totheir relative movement. In examples with more than two barrel sections,some or all barrel sections may be movable and have respective air-gapsformed between the lens groups. The air-gaps between lens groups maycollapse in a non-operative camera state. The sum of such air-gaps maybe 1-8.5 mm. The largest air-gaps present between two consecutive lenselements may be used to define lens groups. For example, the largestair-gap present between two consecutive lens elements may be used todivide a lens into two lens groups, the largest air-gap and the secondlargest air-gap present between two consecutive lens elements may beused to define three lens groups, etc. This statement is true for alllens and camera examples below. In the pop-out state, air-gap d_(N-1)may be 1-3.5 mm. A spring 614 pushes the first lens barrel section 604towards a window frame like frame 214. In the operative state, stopper618 and another stopper 618′ may act as a stopper mechanism that keepsthe lens groups in fixed distance and orientation. In some examples, ancamera in pop-out state disclosed herein may be designed to supporttolerances for decenter of e.g. ±20 μm in the X-Z plane and of e.g. ±10μm in the Y direction, as well as for a tilt of ±0.2° of the lens barrelwith respect to image sensor 208. In other examples tolerances fordecenter may be e.g. ±3-10 μm in the X-Z plane and of e.g. ±3-10 μm inthe Y direction, as well as e.g. ±0.05°-0.15° for a tilt of lens barrelwith respect to the image sensor Y. In yet other examples, tolerancesfor decenter may be smaller than 1 μm in the X-Z plane, e.g. 0.8 μm. Inyet other examples, tolerances for decenter in a Y plane may be smallerthan 1 μm, e.g. 0.8 μm, to support the properties of a lens system likesystem 630, 650 or 1000, especially for air-gaps between lens elementssuch as d_(N-1) (see FIG. 6C) or d₁₀₀₆ (see FIG. 10). In some examples,pins such as pins 1208 (see FIG. 12B and FIG. 12D) may be used forproviding mechanical stability and repeatability in X-Z plane.

The TTL of the lens, measured from the first (object side) surface of L1to the image sensor may be 5-18 mm. The image sensor diagonal may be 6mm<sensor diagonal<30 mm. The 35eqFL may be 15 mm<equivalent focallength<200 mm. The TTL/EFL ratio may vary in the range 0.7<TTL/EFL<1.5.

FIG. 6B shows a cross sectional view (through cross section marked 6B-6Bin FIG. 8) of optics module 600 in a collapsed state. To switch opticsmodule 600 to the collapsed state, actuator 212 decreases the air-gapbetween the first surface of LN and the second surface of LN−1 by movingthe window frame (not shown here) to apply pressure to the lens barrelthat translates into a movement of the collapsible lens barrel sectiontowards the image sensor. In the collapsed state, cTTL may be 5-12 mm,and collapsed air-gap c-d_(N-1) may be 0.05-0.85 mm. The differencebetween cTTL and TTL stems from a modified distance between the firstlens group 606 in first collapsible lens barrel section 604 and secondlens group 610 in second fixed lens barrel section 608. The distancebetween first lens group 606 and the image sensor changed with respectto the pop-out state, but the distance between second lens group 610 andthe image sensor did not change. The optical properties of lens 620change when switching between a pop-out state and a collapsed state.

FIG. 6C shows an example of another lens system 650 that may be used inoptics module 600 or another pop-out optics module 600′ below. Lenssystem 650 is shown in a pop-out state. The design data is given inTables 4-6. Lens system 650 includes a lens 620′ with seven lenselements L1-L7 arranged as shown, optical window 234 and image sensor208. Lens elements L1-L6 form the first lens group 606, and lens elementL7 forms the second lens group 610. The TTL is 8.49 mm and the BFL is1.01 mm. Focal length is EFL=6.75 mm, F number=1.80 and the FOV=80.6deg. Air-gap d_(N-1) is 2.1 mm.

TABLE 4 Lens system 650 EFL = 6.75 mm, F number = 1.80, FOV = 80.6 deg.Aperture Surface Curvature Radius Abbe Focal # Comment Type RadiusThickness (D/2) Material Index # Length 1 A.S Plano Infinity −0.7271.880 2 Lens 1 QT1 2.844 0.861 1.880 Plastic 1.54 55.9 7.55 3 8.1560.128 1.797 4 Lens 2 QT1 6.089 0.250 1.769 Plastic 1.67 19.4 −19.67 54.106 0.323 1.677 6 Lens 3 QT1 7.530 0.384 1.678 Plastic 1.54 55.9 26.147 15.633 0.489 1.685 8 Lens 4 QT1 19.241 0.257 1.726 Plastic 1.66 20.4−34.80 9 10.465 0.397 1.974 10 Lens 5 QT1 −9.931 0.601 2.060 Plastic1.57 37.4 −6.53 11 6.067 0.187 2.315 12 Lens 6 QT1 4.294 0.738 2.725Plastic 1.54 55.9 3.66 13 −3.522 2.097 2.984 14 Lens 7 QT1 −5.605 0.7704.901 Plastic 1.54 55.9 −5.10 15 5.824 0.188 5.579 16 Filter PlanoInfinity 0.2100 — Glass 1.52 64.2 17 Infinity 0.610 — 18 Image PlanoInfinity — —

In the collapsed state (see FIG. 6B or FIG. 14C), cTTL may be 6.44-7.24mm. The difference between cTTL and TTL stems from a modified air-gapbetween L6 and L7, which is a collapsed air-gap c-d_(N-1) and which maybe 0.05-0.85 mm. The BFL did not change with respect to the pop-outstate.

The optical properties of lens 620′ change when switching between apop-out state and the collapsed state. The optical properties presentedhere refer to the lens elements in a “maximal” pop-out state, i.e. whenthe lens has the largest TTL.

TABLE 5 Aspheric Coefficients Surface # R_(norm) A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 22.03E+00  8.98E−02 1.91E−02 4.39E−03 8.23E−04 1.41E−04 3 1.88E+00 1.36E−02 1.31E−02 1.21E−03 2.44E−04 8.58E−05 4 1.87E+00 −6.37E−023.51E−02 1.73E−03 6.81E−04 1.38E−04 5 1.85E+00 −1.16E−02 5.94E−021.65E−02 6.10E−03 1.62E−03 6 1.85E+00 −1.04E−01 1.94E−02 1.51E−024.62E−03 9.45E−04 7 1.78E+00 −1.51E−01 −4.96E−03  3.05E−03 1.05E−032.14E−04 8 1.78E+00 −5.18E−01 −1.59E−02  5.30E−03 2.48E−03 8.04E−04 92.10E+00 −5.53E−01 7.15E−02 3.81E−02 1.81E−02 6.25E−03 10 2.30E+00−3.60E−01 2.33E−01 1.57E−01 1.29E−01 5.32E−02 11 2.42E+00 −1.68E+001.98E−01 −4.68E−03  5.58E−02 2.62E−02 12 2.59E+00 −1.52E+00 8.24E−02−8.59E−03  1.18E−02 2.67E−04 13 2.86E+00  4.37E−01 2.30E−03 4.67E−02−1.08E−02  −3.33E−03  14 5.06E+00  1.44E+00 5.66E−01 −2.72E−01  1.01E−01−2.51E−02  15 5.55E+00 −5.28E+00 5.59E−01 −2.71E−01  4.18E−02 −4.23E−02 

TABLE 6 Aspheric Coefficients Surface # A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 2 0.00E+000.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3 −2.45E−05  0.00E+00 0.00E+000.00E+00 0.00E+00 4 −7.03E−05  0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 52.33E−04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 6 5.32E−05 0.00E+000.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 7 3.84E−05 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+000.00E+00 8 3.66E−04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 9 1.49E−03−2.63E−04  0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 10 1.64E−02 1.44E−03 0.00E+000.00E+00 0.00E+00 11 1.59E−02 3.54E−03 1.08E−03 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 123.18E−03 −5.00E−04  −3.15E−04  0.00E+00 0.00E+00 13 2.65E−03 2.67E−05−4.87E−04  1.84E−04 0.00E+00 14 −2.21E−04  −1.68E−05  6.75E−04−6.40E−04  2.77E−04 15 5.53E−03 −7.30E−03  −2.11E−04  −1.38E−03 2.11E−04

FIG. 6D shows an example of yet another lens system 660 that may be usedin optics module 600 or 600′. Lens system 660′ is shown in a pop-outstate. The design data is given in Tables 7-9. Lens system 660 includesa lens 620″ with six lens elements L1-L6 arranged as shown, opticalwindow 234 and image sensor 208. Lens elements L1-L3 form the first lensgroup 606, and lens elements L4-L6 form the second lens group 610. TheTTL is 13.5 mm and the BFL is 5.49 mm. Focal length is EFL=15.15 mm, Fnumber=2.0 and the FOV=32.56 deg. Air-gap d₆₀₇ is 1.78 mm. A ratio ofTTL/EFL=0.89.

In the collapsed state (see FIG. 6B), cTTL may be 5-11 mm. Thedifference between cTTL and TTL stems from a modified air-gap between L3and L4, which is a collapsed air-gap c-d₆₀₇ and which may be 0.05-1.0 mmand a modified BFL which is a c-BFL and may be 0.1-1.5 mm. The opticalproperties of lens 620″ change when switching between a pop-out stateand the collapsed state. For lens system 660, a ratio TTL/EFL is 0.89,i.e. EFL>TTL. The ratio cTTL/EFL may be 0.35-0.75.

TABLE 7 Lens system 660 EFL = 15.15 mm, F number = 2.0, FOV = 32.56 deg.Aperture Surface Curvature Radius Abbe Focal # Comment Type RadiusThickness (D/2) Material Index # Length 1 A.S Plano Infinity −1.8233.731 2 Lens 1 ASP 4.314 1.837 3.731 Plastic 1.54 55.91 9.50 3 21.5710.048 3.560 4 Lens 2 ASP 4.978 0.265 3.419 Plastic 1.67 19.44 −17.41 53.422 0.113 3.139 6 Lens 3 ASP 5.764 1.473 3.113 Plastic 1.67 19.4420.20 7 11.201 1.780 2.909 8 Lens 4 ASP −6.075 0.260 2.143 Plastic 1.6719.44 −14.33 9 −17.446 1.230 2.008 10 Lens 5 ASP −18.298 0.688 2.264Plastic 1.54 55.91 184.98 11 −16.202 0.040 2.468 12 Lens 6 ASP 10.2350.273 2.679 Plastic 1.54 55.91 −93.97 13 8.454 4.783 2.848 14 FilterPlano Infinity 0.210 — Glass 1.52 64.17 15 Infinity 0.500 — 16 ImagePlano Infinity — —

TABLE 8 Aspheric Coefficients Surface # Conic A4 A6 A8 A10 2 0 −4.57E−04−5.55E−05   2.46E−05 −4.65E−06  3 0  8.55E−04 7.37E−04 −1.07E−049.78E−06 4 0 −1.51E−02 3.43E−03 −6.33E−04 8.54E−05 5 0 −2.21E−025.71E−03 −1.50E−03 2.85E−04 6 0 −3.61E−03 3.56E−03  −1.08E−O3 2.29E−04 70 −1.74E−04 2.47E−04  5.66E−05 −3.21E−05  8 0  1.75E−02 2.27E−03−2.24E−03 7.99E−04 9 0  1.79E−02 5.45E−03 −3.71E−03 1.37E−03 10 0−4.37E−03 −1.59E−02   1.33E−02 −6.54E−03  11 0 −7.77E−02 4.02E−02−1.21E−02 1.65E−03 12 0 −1.39E−01 7.50E−02 −2.44E−02 4.78E−03 13 0−5.32E−02 1.90E−02 −4.73E−03 6.11E−04

TABLE 9 Aspheric Coefficients Surface # A12 A14 A16 2  4.92E−07−2.88E−08   5.71E−10 3 −6.44E−07 1.90E−08 −1.21E−10 4 −6.96E−06 3.18E−07−6.61E−09 5 −3.28E−05 2.13E−06 −6.25E−08 6 −2.83E−05 1.87E−06 −5.35E−087  5.30E−06 −4.54E−07   1.54E−08 8 −1.70E−04 1.94E−05 −9.28E−07 9−2.64E−04 2.29E−05 −1.78E−07 10  1.83E−03 −2.76E−04   1.73E−05 11−8.43E−06 −2.54E−05   2.18E−06 12 −5.86E−04 4.30E−05 −1.42E−06 13−2.86E−05 −1.51E−06   1.53E−07

FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of optics module 600 in a pop-out state.FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of optics module 600 in a collapsedstate.

FIG. 9A shows a perspective view of actuator 212 in a pop-out state.FIG. 9B shows a perspective view of actuator 212 in a collapsed state.Cross sections 2B-2B and 2D-2D refer to respectively FIGS. 2B and 2D.Actuator 212 comprises a pop-out actuator 902 with moving parts foractuation. A pop-out actuator—window frame coupling 904 with a switch906 translates the pop-out actuation to a movement of the window frame.Switch 906 couples actuator 902 with window frame 214. As indicatedabove, the window frame movement is used to switch the camera to thecollapsed state. In FIG. 9A, switch 906 is “down” to provide the pop-outstate. In FIG. 9B, switch 906 is “up” to provide the collapsed state.

FIG. 10 shows another lens system numbered 1000 that can be included ina pop-out Tele camera in a maximal pop-out state. Lens system 1000includes a lens 1020 with five lens elements as shown, optical window234 and image sensor 208. The Tele pop-out camera with lens system 1000may be incorporated in a host device (e.g. a smartphone, tablet, etc.,not shown here). Similar to the shown in FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B, in lenssystem 1000 switching between the pop-out and the collapsed states isobtained by modifying an air-gap d1006 between a first lens group 1016and a second lens group 1018.

In lens system 1000, a first lens group 1016 includes lens elements1002, 1004 and 1006 and a second lens group 1018 includes lens elements1008 and 1010. In the pop-out state, air-gap d1006 between surface 1008a of lens element 1008 and surface 1006 b of the immediately precedinglens element 1006 is 2.020 mm (see Table 10). The TTL of the lens systemis 5.904 mm. The division into a first lens group and a second lensgroup is done according to the largest air-gap between two consecutivelens elements.

Lens system 1000 may provide a FOV of 25-50 degrees, and EFL=6.9 mm, a Fnumber=2.80 and a TTL=5.904 mm. The ratio TTL/EFL is 0.86, i.e. EFL>TTL.The ratio cTTL/EFL may be 0.58-0.69. For air-gap d1006=TTL/2.95, sod1006>TTL/3. In other examples, for a largest air-gap that divides thelens elements into first and a second lens groups the air-gap mayfulfill air-gap>TTL/5 and EFL>TTL.

The optical properties of lens system 1000 change when switching to thecollapsed state (not shown). In the collapsed state, cTTL may be 3.97-10mm and collapsed air-gap c-d1006 may be 0.05-0.85 mm. The differencebetween cTTL and TTL stems from a modified distance between first lensgroup 1016 and second lens group 1018. The distance between first lensgroup 1016 and image sensor 208 changed with respect to the pop-outstate, but distance between second lens group 1016 and the image sensor1014 did not change.

In lens system 1000, all lens element surfaces are aspheric. Detailedoptical data is given in Table 10, and the aspheric surface data isgiven in Table 11, wherein the units of the radius of curvature (R),lens element thickness and/or distances between elements along theoptical axis and diameter are expressed in mm. “Nd” is the refractionindex. The equation of the aspheric surface profiles is expressed by:

$z = {\frac{{cr}^{2}}{1 + \sqrt{1 - {\left( {1 + k} \right)c^{2}r^{2}}}} + {\alpha_{1}r^{2}} + {\alpha_{2}r^{4}} + {\alpha_{3}r^{6}} + {\alpha_{4}r^{8}} + {\alpha_{5}r^{10}} + {\alpha_{6}r^{12}} + {\alpha_{7}r^{14}}}$

where r is distance from (and perpendicular to) the optical axis, k isthe conic coefficient, c=1/R where R is the radius of curvature, and aare coefficients given in Table 2. In the equation above as applied toexamples of a lens assembly disclosed herein, coefficients α₁ and α₇ arezero. Note that the maximum value of r “max r”=Diameter/2. Also notethat Table 1 the distances between various elements (and/or surfaces)are marked “Lmn” (where m refers to the lens element number, n=1 refersto the element thickness and n=2 refers to the air-gap to the nextelement) and are measured on the optical axis z, wherein the stop is atz=0. Each number is measured from the previous surface. Thus, the firstdistance −0.466 mm is measured from the stop to surface 1002 a, thedistance L11 from surface 1002 a to surface 1002 b (i.e. the thicknessof first lens element 1002) is 0.894 mm, the gap L12 between surfaces1002 b and 1004 a is 0.020 mm, the distance L21 between surfaces 1004 aand 1004 b (i.e. thickness d2 of second lens element 1004) is 0.246 mm,etc. Also, L21=d2 and L51=d₅.

TABLE 10 Lens system 1000 EFL = 6.9 mm, F number = 2.80, FQV = 44degrees Radius R Distances Diameter # Comment [mm] [mm] Nd/Vd [mm] 1Stop Infinite −0.466 2.4 2 L11 1.5800 0.894 1.5345/57.095 2.5 3 L12−11.2003 0.020 2.4 4 L21 33.8670 0.246 1.63549/23.91  2.2 5 L22 3.22810.449 1.9 6 L31 −12.2843 0.290 1.5345/57.095 1.9 7 L32 7.7138 2.020 1.88 L41 −2.3755 0.597 1.63549/23.91  3.3 9 L42 −1.8801 0.068 3.6 10 L51−1.8100 0.293 1.5345/57.095 3.9 11 L52 −5.2768 0.617 4.3 12 Infinite0.410 3.0

TABLE 11 Conic coefficient # k α₂ α₃ α₄ α₅ α₆ 2 −0.4668  7.9218E−032.3146E−02 −3.3436E−02 2.3650E−02 −9.2437E−03 3 −9.8525  2.0102E−022.0647E−04  7.4394E−03 −1.7529E−02   4.5206E−03 4 10.7569 −1.9248E−038.6003E−02  1.1676E−02 −4.0607E−02   1.3545E−02 5 1.4395  5.1029E−032.4578E−01 −1.7734E−01 2.9848E−01 −1.3320E−01 6 0.0000  2.1629E−014.0134E−02  1.3615E−02 2.5914E−03 −1.2292E−02 7 −9.8953  2.3297E−018.2917E−02 −1.2725E−01 1.5691E−01 −5.9624E−02 8 0.9938 −1.3522E−02−7.0395E−03   1.4569E−02 −1.5336E−02   4.3707E−03 9 −6.8097 −1.0654E−011.2933E−02  2.9548E−04 −1.8317E−03   5.0111E−04 10 −7.3161 −1.8636E−018.3105E−02 −1.8632E−02 2.4012E−03 −1.2816E−04 11 0.0000 −1.1927E−017.0245E−02 −2.0735E−02 2.6418E−03 −1.1576E−04

Advantageously, the Abbe number of the first, third and fifth lenselement is 57.095. Advantageously, the first air-gap between lenselements 1002 and 1004 (the gap between surfaces 1002 b and 1004 a) hasa thickness (0.020 mm) which is less than a tenth of thickness d2 (0.246mm). Advantageously, the Abbe number of the second and fourth lenselements is 23.91. Advantageously, the third air-gap between lenselements 1006 and 1008 has a thickness (2.020 mm) greater than TTL/5(5.904/5 mm). Advantageously, the fourth air-gap between lens elements108 and 110 has a thickness (0.068 mm) which is smaller than d₅/2(0.293/2 mm).

The focal length (in mm) of each lens element in lens system 1000 is asfollows: f1=2.645, f2=−5.578, f3=−8.784, f4=9.550 and f5=−5.290. Thecondition 1.2×|f3|>|f2|<1.5×f1 is clearly satisfied, as1.2×8.787>5.578>1.5×2.645. f1 also fulfills the condition f1<TTL/2, as2.645<2.952.

FIG. 11A shows an example of a host device 1100 such as a smartphonewith a dual-camera comprising a regular (non pop-up) folded Tele camera1102 and a Wide pop-out camera 1104. The Wide camera 1104 is in anoperative pop-out state and extends the device's exterior surface 228.Bump 226 is visible. A large image sensor such as 208 (not visible here)and a pop-out frame such as frame 220 (not fully visible here) requiredfor switching between a collapsed and a pop-out camera state define aminimum area of the device's exterior surface 228 that is covered by thepop-out camera (in X-Z). The minimum pop-out camera area may be largerthan that of folded Tele cameras or that of regular (i.e. non pop-out)upright Wide cameras that are typically included in a device.

FIG. 11B shows details of folded Tele camera 1102 and the upright Widecamera 1104 in a pop out state. The folded Tele camera comprises a prism1108 and a folded Tele lens and sensor module 1112. In FIG. 11A and FIG.11B only prism 1108 is visible.

FIG. 11C shows host device 1100 with Wide camera 1104 in a collapsedstate, illustrating the small height of the c-bump.

FIG. 11D shows details of the folded Tele camera and the upright Widecamera in a collapsed state.

FIG. 12A shows another example of a host device 1200 such as asmartphone with a dual-camera comprising a Tele pop-out camera 1202 asdisclosed herein and a Wide pop-out camera 1204 in an operative pop-outstate. Pop-out bump 226 is visible. A pop-out mechanism cover 1206covers both the Tele and the Wide camera. A frame like 220 (not shown)switches the Tele and the Wide camera between a pop-out state and acollapsed state together and simultaneously. Pins 1208 may providemechanical stability and repeatability in the X-Z plane. In someexamples, 2 pins may be included. In other examples, 3 or more pins maybe used.

FIG. 12B shows details of upright Tele camera 1202 and upright Widecamera 1204, with both cameras in the pop-out state.

FIG. 12C shows host device 1200 with the cameras in a collapsed state. Ac-bump 236 is shown. FIG. 12E shows details of upright Tele camera 1202and upright Wide camera 1204, with both cameras in the collapsed state.

FIG. 13 shows yet another example of a lens system numbered 1300comprising a lens 1320 including seven lens elements L1-L7, optionallyoptical window 234, and an image sensor 208. Here, image sensor 208 is acurved image sensor, meaning that its light collecting surface is curvedwith a radius of curvature R=−19.026 mm wherein the “−” sign refers to acurvature with center at the object side of the image sensor. Use of acurved image sensor may be beneficial as undesired effects such as fieldcurvature and shading toward the sensor edges may be less than for aplanar image sensor. Lens system 1300 may be used in a camera suchcamera 200 in a pop-out state. The design data is given in Tables 12-14.

In lens system 1300, TTL=8.28 mm, BFL=3.24 mm, EFL=6.95 mm, Fnumber=1.85 and the FOV=80.52 deg.

In the collapsed state (see FIG. 2C), cTTL may be 6.54-10 mm. Thedifference between cTTL and TTL stems from a modified BFL which is now acollapsed “c-BFL” (see FIG. 5A). c-BFL may be 1.494-2.5 mm. The opticalproperties of lens 1320 do not change when switching between a pop-outstate and a collapsed state (i. e. all distances between the lenselements L1-L7 and the lens surfaces S2-S15 did not change).

TABLE 12 Lens system 1300 EFL = 6.95 mm, F number = 1.85, FOV = 80.52deg. Aperture Surface Curvature Radius Abbe Focal # Comment Type RadiusThickness (D/2) Material Index # Length A.S Plano Infinity −0.681 1.879Lens 1 QT1 2.791 0.577 1.879 Plastic 1.54 55.9 11.01 4.824 0.426 1.824Lens 2 QT1 5.964 0.244 1.824 Plastic 1.67 19.4 −12.73 3.463 0.005 1.795Lens 3 QT1 3.871 0.959 1.814 Plastic 1.54 55.9 7.85 35.947 0.452 1.783Lens 4 QT1 −134.398 0.458 1.812 Plastic 1.66 20.37 63.02 −32.072 0.3422.004 Lens 5 QT1 −4.466 0.252 2.096 Plastic 1.57 37.4 −10.23 −19.5760.286 2.280 Lens 6 QT1 7.072 0.364 2.336 Plastic 1.54 55.9 3.95 −3.0470.203 2.714 Lens 7 QT1 −7.929 0.478 3.717 Plastic 1.54 55.9 −5.59 5.0741.744 4.108 Filter Plano Infinity 0.2100 — Glass 1.52 64.2 Infinity1.284 — Image Plano −19.026 — —

TABLE 13 Aspheric Coefficients Surface # R_(norm) A0 A1 A2 A3 2 2.170 6.97E−02 6.81E−02  4.19E−02 1.88E−02 3 2.170  1.92E−01 1.54E−01 7.45E−02 2.62E−02 4 1.891 −1.23E−01 2.32E−02 −4.13E−04 −3.43E−04  51.891 −1.59E−01 2.59E−02 −6.88E−03 −1.68E−03  6 1.891 −3.55E−03 3.14E−02 3.10E−03 1.53E−03 7 1.891 −4.64E−02 2.24E−02  1.31E−02 5.48E−03 8 2.225−5.98E−01 1.18E−01  8.64E−02 1.98E−02 9 2.225 −4.13E−01 9.40E−02 1.01E−01 5.25E−02 10 2.670 −3.70E−01 −1.57E−01  −7.49E−02 3.70E−02 112.670 −6.73E−01 2.51E−01 −1.90E−01 −1.12E−02  12 3.671 −3.40E+009.02E−01 −4.45E−01 5.39E−02 13 3.671  3.45E+00 5.97E−02 −2.00E−01−2.88E−02  14 5.340  2.76E+00 7.29E−02  5.26E−04 −1.83E−01  15 5.340−6.08E+00 7.69E−02 −7.67E−01 −1.27E−01 

TABLE 14 Aspheric Coefficients Surface # A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 2  6.08E−03 1.29E−03  1.49E−04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3  6.42E−03  1.10E−03  1.85E−040.00E+00 0.00E+00 4 −6.39E−04 −2.45E−04 −7.91E−05 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 5−1.32E−03 −9.94E−06  1.50E−04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 6 −4.90E−05  3.53E−04 2.69E−04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 7  2.07E−03  6.57E−04  1.36E−04 0.00E+000.00E+00 8  3.42E−04 −1.45E−03 −8.99E−04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 9  1.74E−02 5.33E−03  4.89E−04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 10 −3.53E−02 −1.64E−02 −1.34E−020.00E+00 0.00E+00 11 −4.40E−02 −4.87E−03 −1.09E−02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 12−1.00E−02 −3.74E−02 −5.14E−02 9.87E−03 1.02E−02 13 −2.41E−02  5.41E−02 4.32E−02 1.11E−02 7.56E−03 14 −2.94E−01 −1.73E−01 −8.86E−02 −1.66E−02 −2.06E−03  15 −1.78E−01 −7.01E−02 −5.97E−02 −2.09E−02  −8.43E−03 

In other examples, optical window 234 may be curved. A radius ofcurvature R_(W) of the optical window may be of same sign as the radiusof curvature R of curved image sensor 208 (i.e. with a center at theobject side of the optical window) and may be curved in a similar way,so R_(W) may e.g. be R_(W)=−15 to −25 mm. In another example may beR_(W)=R, with R being radius of curvature of the curved image sensor.This may allow for a smaller cTTL. cTTL may be 5.64-7.54 mm and c-BFLmay be 0.594-2.5 mm.

FIG. 14A shows in cross sectional view another example numbered 1400 ofa pop-out camera disclosed herein in a pop-out state and incorporated ina “host” device 250 (e.g. a smartphone, tablet, etc.). Camera 1400comprises a pop-out frame 220′ and an optics module 600′ that includes alens 620. As shown in FIG. 14B, frame 220′ comprises a window frame214′, a cam follower 1402 and a side limiter 1406. Cam follower 1402 iscoupled via springs 1408 to a pop-out actuator 1408. Optics module 600′includes a lens barrel 602 with a collapsible lens barrel section (firstbarrel section) 604 carrying a first lens group 606, and a fixed lensbarrel section (second barrel section) 608 carrying a second lens group610. The two lens groups form a lens 620 that includes altogether N lenselements L1-LN, arranged with a first lens element L1 on an object sideand a last lens element LN on an image side. Lens 620, an optionaloptical window 234 and image sensor 208 form a lens system 630.

Camera 1400 comprises an external module seal 224 and an internal moduleseal 1404.

External seal 224 prevents particles and fluids from entering device250. Seal 224 may support a IP68 class ranking of device 250. Internalseal 1404 prevents particles from entering optics module 600′.

“External” and “internal” refer to the fact that seal 224 preventscontamination of the camera from outside the host device, while seal1404 prevents contamination of the camera from inside the host device.

Optics module 600′ and window frame 214 form an air-gap 222′ between thelens barrel and window 216, which may be for example 0.1 mm-3 mm.Air-gap 222′ allows for a movement of the lens barrel by 0.1-3 mm forperforming auto-focus (AF) and optical image stabilization (OIS) bymoving lens 620 or parts of lens 620 or optics module 600′ or sensor 208as known in the art.

Camera 1400 forms a significant pop-out bump 226 with respect to anexterior surface 228 of device 250. Here, “significant” may be forexample 1.5 mm-12 mm. In the pop-out state, camera 1400 increases theheight of host device 250 to a height in a pop-out state.

Lens 620 may have N≥4 lens elements, and, as mentioned, comprises abarrel with two lens barrel sections. In other examples, the lens barrelmay comprise more than two barrel sections with more lens groups, e.g.3, 4, 5 lens barrel sections with each barrel section carrying a lensgroup. The lens barrel sections may be divided into fixed barrelsections and movable barrel sections. In the example shown, first lensgroup 606 includes lenses L1-LN−1 and second lens group 610 includeslens LN (see FIG. 14A). Air-gaps may be formed between lens groupsaccording to their relative movement. In examples with more than twobarrel sections, some or all barrel sections may be movable and haverespective air-gaps formed between the lens groups. The air-gaps betweenlens groups may collapse in a non-operative camera state. The sum ofsuch air-gaps may be 1-12 mm. In the pop-out state, air-gap d_(N-1) maybe 1-5.5 mm. Three springs 614 (not all visible here) push first lensbarrel section 604 towards a mechanical stop. The mechanical stop may beprovided by a kinematic coupling mechanism as shown in FIG. 18A-B andFIG. 19A-B. In other examples and as shown in FIG. 20C, the mechanicalstop may be provided by a top cover 1606′. In some examples, the camerain pop-out state may be designed to support tolerances for decenter ofe.g. ±20 μm in the X-Z plane and of e.g. ±10 μm in the Y direction, aswell as a tilt of ±0.2° of the lens barrel with respect to image sensor208. In other examples, tolerances for decenter may be e.g. ±2-10 μm inthe X-Z plane and of e.g. ±2-10 μm in the Y direction, as well as e.g.±0.05°-0.15° for a tilt of lens barrel with respect to the image sensorY.

The TTL of the lens may be 5-22 mm. The image sensor diagonal may be 6mm<sensor diagonal<30 mm. The 35eqFL may be 15 mm<equivalent focallength<200 mm. The TTL/EFL ratio may vary in the range 0.7<TTL/EFL<1.5.

A window position measurement mechanism 1420 shown in FIG. 14B comprisesone or more magnets and one or more Hall sensors shown in FIGS. 20C-E.The magnets are fixedly coupled to a cam follower 1402, and the Hallsensor(s) is (are) fixedly coupled to a side limiter 1406. Mechanism1420 senses the position of the cam follower relative to side limiter1406 and host device 250. The camera is mechanically coupled to the hostdevice and the side limiter is mechanically coupled to the camera.

FIG. 14B shows a perspective view of frame 220′ in a pop-out state. Apop-out camera such as 1400 is formed when optics module 600′ isinserted into frame 220′. Window frame 214′, cam follower 1402 and sidelimiter 1406 move with respect to each other. Window frame 214′ and camfollower 1402 also move with respect to host device 250, but sidelimiter 1406 does not move with respect to host device 250. Camera 1400is switched from a pop-out state to a collapsed state by moving windowframe 214′ in a positive X direction with respect of host device 250 andside limiter 1406. Window frame 214′ is moved by actuator 212′ via camfollower 1402. The movement of cam follower 1402 is substantiallyparallel to the X axis, and this movement is translated in a movement ofwindow frame 214′ substantially parallel to the Y axis. This translationof movements in X direction and in Y direction is described in FIG.15A-B. As for the movement along Y, window frame 214′ applies pressureto the lens barrel that translates into a movement of the collapsiblelens barrel section towards the image sensor. Cam follower 1402 iscoupled via springs 1408 to a pop-out actuator 1412. Actuator 1412 movescam follower 1402 e.g. via a screw stepper motor or another actuationmethod. The movement is mediated by the springs 1408. Springs 1408 mayact as shock absorber for camera 1400. E.g. when host device 250 isdropped and hits another object, a large force may act on window frame214′. By means of springs 1408, this large force may be translated intoa collapse of the pop-out camera, thereby mediating a large portion ofthe large force. Internal module seal 1404 may act as an additionalshock absorber.

FIG. 14C shows a cross sectional view of camera 1400 in a collapsed(“c”) or non-operative state. FIG. 14D shows a perspective view of frame220′ in a collapsed state. To switch optics module 600′ to the collapsedstate, actuator 212′ decreases air-gap d_(N-1) by moving the windowframe 214′ to apply pressure to the lens barrel that translates into amovement of the collapsible lens barrel section towards the imagesensor. In the collapsed state, cTTL may be 5-12 mm. and collapsedair-gap c-d_(N-1) may be 0.05-1.5 mm.

FIG. 15A shows the frame 220′ of example 1400 in a cross sectional viewvia X-Y plane in a pop-out state. A switching pin 1502 and a switchingpin 1504 are rigidly coupled to cam follower 1402. A side limiter pin1512 is fixedly coupled to side limiter 1406 and slides within avertically oriented limiter groove 1514. Switching pin 1502 and 1504slide within switching grooves 1506 and 1508. Switching pins 1502 and1504 have a diamond shape which is superposed by a curvature having alarge radius of curvature for minimizing contact stress acting betweenthe pins and window frame 214′. Side limiter pin 1512 has a rectangularshape superposed by a curvature having a large radius of curvature forminimizing contact stress.

When cam follower 1402 is moved in a negative X direction, theinclination of switching grooves 1506 and 1508 leads to a downwardmovement (in a negative Y direction) of window frame 214′. This downwardmovement is used to switch the camera to the collapsed state. Thedownward movement is limited and guided by side limiter pin 1512. Theinclination of switching grooves 1506 and 1508 may e.g. be between 20-80degrees with respect to a vertical Y axis.

FIG. 15B shows the frame 220′ of FIG. 15A in a collapsed state. Toswitch the camera from the collapsed state to a pop-out state, camfollower 1402 is moved in a positive X direction and the inclination ofswitching grooves 1506 and 1508 leads to an upward movement (in apositive Y direction) of window frame 214′.

FIG. 16A shows a cross sectional view and FIG. 16B show a perspectiveview of optics module 600′ in a pop-out state. Module 600′ comprises anoptics frame 1650, first collapsible lens barrel section 604 (lenselements not shown here), second fixed lens barrel section 608, threesprings 614 (not all visible here), a side cover 1604, a top cover 1606and three stoppers 1608 (not all visible here). Each spring sits on oneof three spring holders 1612 (not all visible here). Optics frame 1650holds all components of optics module 600′ except the lens elements thatare included in the first and the second lens barrel sections. Stoppers1608 are rigidly coupled to top cover 1606 and ensure that thecollapsible lens barrel section (604) is not in direct contact withwindow frame 214.

A “penalty” p for a diameter of an optics module is defined as thedifference between the diameter of the optics module and the largestdiameter of a lens included in the optics module. For optics module600′, d_(module) is slightly larger than the largest diameter of lens620, represented by the diameter of L_(N). Therefore, for optics module600′, penalty p is p=p₁+p₂ and may be 0.5 mm-8 mm.

FIG. 17A shows optics module 600′ in cross-section and FIG. 17B showsthe module in perspective in a collapsed state. In the collapsed state,springs 614 are compressed.

FIGS. 18A-18F shows optics frame 1650 in various positions and withvarious details of its components. FIG. 18A shows optics frame 1650 in apop-out state and FIG. 18B shows optics frame 1650 in a collapsed state,both in a perspective view. Collapsible lens barrel section 604 iscoupled to optics frame 1650 via a “Maxwell kinematic coupling”mechanism. The Maxwell kinematic coupling mechanism comprises threev-groove/pin pairs 1810 that act as a guiding and positioning mechanismthat ensures that collapsible lens barrel section 604 is kept in a fixedposition relative to the other optical elements such as image sensor 208with high accuracy. Each v-groove/pin pair 1810 is identical andincludes a hemispherical pin 1812 and a v-groove 1814. More details of av-groove/pin pair 1810 are given in FIG. 18C (for the pop-out state) andFIG. 18D (for the collapsed state). In other examples, the pins may beround or diamond-shaped or canoe-shaped. The v-grooves shown in FIG.18A-18D have an angle of about 90 degrees. In other examples, the angleof the v-grooves may vary between 30 to 150 degrees.

Pairs 1810 are distributed at equal distance from each other. By meansof the three v-groove/pin pairs 1810, optics frame 1650 supports narrowtolerances in terms of accuracy as well as repeatability for decenter inX-Z and Y as well as for tilt. Here and in the description of FIGS. 19Aand 19B, “tolerances” refer to tolerances between collapsible lensbarrel section 604 the fixed lens barrel section 608.

Optics frame 1650 as well as optics module 600″ below may be designed tosupport accuracy tolerances for decenter and reliability tolerances likethose of camera 200.

FIG. 18E shows optics frame 1650 in a top view. FIG. 18F shows opticsframe 1650 in an exploded view showing the single parts that 1650 may beassembled from. Three spring holders 1612 keep the three respectivesprings 614 in a fixed position. One may assemble optics frame 1650 fromthe bottom to the top. One may start an assembly process with insertingL_(N) into fixed lens barrel section 608, then insert springs 614 intospring holders 1612, then put top cover 1606, then put side cover 1604and then insert the collapsible lens barrel 604 on top. In some examplessuch as shown in FIG. 2A-D and FIG. 4A-B, a lens such as lens 420 may beincluded in an optics frame such as 1650. Lens 420 includes a singlegroup of lens elements only and may be included entirely in acollapsible lens barrel such as 604. In some examples, collapsible lensbarrel 604 and top cover 1606 may be one single unit.

FIG. 19A and FIG. 19B show (in perspective and cross sectionrespectively) another optics module numbered 600″. Optics modulenumbered 600″ comprises a guiding and positioning mechanism for keepingcollapsible lens barrel section 604 in a fixed position with highaccuracy. The guiding and positioning mechanism is based on ayoke-magnet pair. A yoke 2002 is fixedly coupled to top cover 1606′, anda permanent magnet 2004 is fixedly coupled to the side cover 1604′.Through the use of yoke 2002 and magnet 2004, top cover 1606 and theside cover 1604 are attracted to each other, keeping a constant distanceand orientation to each other. Optics module 1650′ thus supports narrowtolerances in terms of accuracy as well as repeatability for decenter inX-Z and Y and for tilt.

FIG. 19C shows optics module 600″ in a pop-out state in across-sectional view. A side cover 1604′ acts also as a second and fixedlens barrel section carrying a second group of lens elements, i.e. noadditional component acting as second lens barrel section is required.FIG. 19D shows optics module 600″ in a collapsed state in across-sectional view.

FIG. 19E shows a perspective view and FIG. 19F shows a top view of topcover 1606′ and magnet 2004.

FIG. 20A shows a side view and FIG. 20B shows a perspective view of amagnet part of window position measurement mechanism 1420 in a collapsedstate. Two side magnets 2102 a and 2102 b are located on both sides ofan inner (auxiliary) magnet 2104. All magnets are fixedly coupled to camfollower 1402. Magnets 2102 a, 2102 b and 2104 create a magnetic fieldthat is sensed by Hall sensor 2106. Hall sensor 2106 is fixedly coupledto side limiter 1406 (not shown here). The magnetic field sensed by Hallsensor 2106 depends on the relative position of cam follower 1402 andside limiter 1406. That is, mechanism 1420 allows sensing of therelative position of cam follower 1402 and side limiter 1406continuously along a stroke that may be in a range 1-10 mm.

FIG. 20C shows a side view of magnets 2102 a, 2102 b, 2104 and Hallsensor 2106, with camera 1400 shown in a collapsed state. FIG. 20D showsa side view of magnets 2102 a, 2102 b, 2104 and Hall sensor 2106, withcamera 1400 shown in a pop-out state. The stroke extends between theextreme positions shown here, i.e. between the collapsed state and thepop-out state. In some examples, mechanism 1420 may measure the relativeposition of 1402 and 1406 with the same accuracy along the entirestroke. In other examples and beneficially, mechanism 1420 may measurethe relative position of 1402 and 1406 with a higher accuracy close tothe extreme positions shown here, and with a lower accuracy in otherpositions.

FIG. 20E shows an example of (a) a design and (b) the magnetic field ofmechanism 1420, with magnetization of magnets 2102 a, 2102 b and 2104shown.

FIG. 20F shows an example of a magnet configuration 2110 that may beincluded in a position measurement mechanism such as 1420. Aconfiguration of magnets 2102 a, 2102 b and 2104 is shown in (a), andmagnetic flux density versus a position X as created by the magnetconfiguration of (a) is shown in (b). A large and substantiallyidentical slope ΔB/ΔX may be achieved along a linear range. The linearrange of 2110 may extend between 1-10 mm.

FIG. 20G shows another example of a magnet configuration 2120 that maybe included in a position measurement mechanism such as 1420. Aconfiguration of magnets 2102 a, 2102 b and 2104 is shown in (a), andmagnetic flux density versus a position X as created by the magnetconfiguration of (a) is shown in (b). The linear range is divided intothree sub-ranges A1, B and A2. In the sub-ranges A1 and A2, slope ΔB/ΔXis larger than the slope in sub-range B. For example, a slope in thesub-ranges A1 and A2, ΔB/ΔX(A), may be 5 times, 10 times or 25 timeslarger than a slope in the sub-range B, ΔB/ΔX(B). For example,ΔB/ΔX(A)˜500 mT/mm, and ΔB/ΔX(B)˜50 mT/mm, so that a ratio of[ΔB/ΔX(A)]/[ΔB/ΔX(B)]=10. The division in of the linear range in subranges with different slopes may be beneficial for a positionmeasurement mechanism such as 1420, as a higher accuracy may be requiredin the extreme regions close to the positions of the pop-out state andthe collapsed state.

In summary, disclosed herein are digital cameras with a pop-outmechanisms that allow for large EFLs and large image sensor sizes andlow camera heights in a collapsed mode.

While this disclosure has been described in terms of certain examplesand generally associated methods, alterations and permutations of theexamples and methods will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Thedisclosure is to be understood as not limited by the specific examplesdescribed herein, but only by the scope of the appended claims.

It is appreciated that certain features of the presently disclosedsubject matter, which are, for clarity, described in the context ofseparate examples, may also be provided in combination in a singleexample. Conversely, various features of the presently disclosed subjectmatter, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a singleexample, may also be provided separately or in any suitablesub-combination.

Furthermore, for the sake of clarity the term “substantially” is usedherein to imply the possibility of variations in values within anacceptable range. According to one example, the term “substantially”used herein should be interpreted to imply possible variation of up to10% over or under any specified value. According to another example, theterm “substantially” used herein should be interpreted to imply possiblevariation of up to 5% over or under any specified value. According to afurther example, the term “substantially” used herein should beinterpreted to imply possible variation of up to 2.5% over or under anyspecified value.

Unless otherwise stated, the use of the expression “and/or” between thelast two members of a list of options for selection indicates that aselection of one or more of the listed options is appropriate and may bemade.

It should be understood that where the claims or specification refer to“a” or “an” element, such reference is not to be construed as therebeing only one of that element.

All patents and patent applications mentioned in this specification areherein incorporated in their entirety by reference into thespecification, to the same extent as if each individual patent or patentapplication was specifically and individually indicated to beincorporated herein by reference. In addition, citation oridentification of any reference in this application shall not beconstrued as an admission that such reference is available as prior artto the present disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A camera, comprising: an optics module comprisinga lens assembly that includes N lens elements L₁-L_(N) starting with L₁on an object side, wherein N≥4 and wherein the lens assembly has a backfocal length BFL that is larger than any air-gap between lens elements,an effective focal length EFL in the range of 7 mm to 18 mm and a fnumber f/#; a pop-out mechanism configured to actuate the lens assemblyto an operative pop-out state and to a collapsed state, wherein the lensassembly has a total track length TTL in the operative pop-out state anda collapsed total track length cTTL in the collapsed state, and whereinthe pop-out mechanism is configured to control the BFL such thatcTTL/EFL≤0.8; and an image sensor having sensor diagonal S_(D).
 2. Thecamera of claim 1, wherein cTTL/EFL≤0.75.
 3. The camera of claim 1,wherein f/#≤2.2.
 4. The camera of claim 1, wherein f/#≤2.0.
 5. Thecamera of claim 1, wherein f/#≤1.8.
 6. The camera of claim 1, whereinthe cTTL is in the range of 5 mm-12 mm.
 7. The camera of claim 1,wherein the TTL is in the range of 6 mm-18 mm.
 8. The camera of claim 1,wherein the S_(D) is in the range of 7 mm-18 mm.
 9. The camera of claim1, wherein the S_(D) is in the range of 8 mm-15 mm.
 10. The camera ofclaim 1, wherein the pop-up mechanism includes a window frame engageablewith the optics module, wherein the window frame does not touch theoptics module in the pop-out state and wherein the window frame isoperable to press on the optics module to bring the camera to thecollapsed state.
 11. The camera of claim 1, wherein the lens assemblyhas a 35 mm equivalent focal length 35eqFL larger than 40 mm and smallerthan 180 mm.
 12. The camera of claim 1, wherein a ratio TTL/EFL issmaller than 1.1 and larger than 0.7.
 13. The camera of claim 1, whereinthe BFL is larger than TTL/5 and smaller than TTL/1.5.
 14. The camera ofclaim 1, wherein the BFL is larger than TTL/4 and smaller than TTL/1.5.15. The camera of claim 1, wherein the BFL is larger than TTL/3 andsmaller than TTL/1.5.
 16. The camera of claim 1, wherein the lensassembly has a lens element with a largest lens diameter d_(L), andwherein a penalty between a largest diameter d_(module) of the opticsmodule and d_(L) is smaller than 6 mm.
 17. The camera of claim 1,wherein the lens assembly has a lens element with a largest lensdiameter d_(L), and wherein a penalty between a largest diameterd_(window) of the window frame and d_(L) is smaller than 12 mm.
 18. Thecamera of claim 1, wherein the window frame carries a window that is notin direct contact with the lens.
 19. The camera of claim 1, wherein thepop-out mechanism comprises springs and a guiding and positioningmechanism, wherein the guiding and positioning mechanism enablessufficient z-decenter and xy-decenter accuracy between lens elements inthe operative pop-out state and enables repeatability in switchingbetween the operative state and the collapsed state, wherein thesufficient decenter accuracy is less than 0.1 mm decenter, and whereinthe repeatability is less than 0.05 mm decenter.
 20. The camera of claim1, wherein the pop-out mechanism includes one or more springs engageablewith the optics module.
 21. The camera of claim 1, wherein the pop-outmechanism comprises a guiding and positioning mechanism based on a pinand groove assembly.
 22. The camera of claim 1, wherein the pop-outmechanism comprises a guiding and positioning mechanism based on astopper.
 23. The camera of claim 1, wherein the pop-out mechanismcomprises a guiding and positioning mechanism based on a kinematiccoupling mechanism.
 24. The camera of claim 23, wherein the kinematiccoupling mechanism is based on a pin and groove assembly.
 25. The cameraof claim 1, wherein the pop-out mechanism comprises a guiding mechanismbased on a pin and groove assembly and a positioning mechanism based ona magnetic force.
 26. The camera of claim 1, wherein the window framehas a rectangular shape.
 27. The camera of claim 1, wherein the camerais included in a smartphone.